{"id":3461,"date":"2020-11-07T14:11:56","date_gmt":"2020-11-07T11:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kureselhukuk.com\/?p=3461"},"modified":"2022-09-18T10:56:29","modified_gmt":"2022-09-18T07:56:29","slug":"yabancilar-ve-turkiyedeki-malvarliklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kureselhukuk.com\/en\/yabancilar-ve-turkiyedeki-malvarliklari\/","title":{"rendered":"YABANCILAR VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DEK\u0130 MALVARLIKLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tarihin bir\u00e7ok d\u00f6neminde devletler s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erindeki yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkelerinde gayrimenkul edimini yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler getirmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcreselle\u015fen yap\u0131 ve serbest piyasa ekonomisi ile bu d\u00fczenlemeler asgari s\u0131n\u0131rlara indirgenmi\u015ftir. Zamanla modern hukukta kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi ve kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlara uygunluk ilkeleri esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
YABANCILAR VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DEK\u0130 MALVARLIKLARI<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi, en az iki devlet aras\u0131nda uygulanan ve akit devletlerin birbirinin vatanda\u015flar\u0131na ayn\u0131 veya benzer \u015fekilde haklar tan\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k prensibi hukukumuzda da 2012 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar uygulanm\u0131\u015f olup \u00fclkemiz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz elde edebilmesi i\u00e7in vatanda\u015f\u0131 olduklar\u0131 \u00fclkelerde T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na gayrimenkul ediminin hukuki ve fiili olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olma \u015fart\u0131 aranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonralar\u0131 bu ilkenin yerini \u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Taraf\u0131ndan Belirleme\u201d usul\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte 183 devlet vatanda\u015flar\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde m\u00fctekabiliyet \u015fart\u0131 aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz elde edinme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sayede yabanc\u0131n\u0131n vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fclkede T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinemese bile yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebilecektir. Ancak \u00f6zellikle vurgulamak gerekir ki 6302 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde; \u201cKanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyulmak kayd\u0131yla, uluslararas\u0131 ikili ili\u015fkiler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ve \u00fclke menfaatlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi hallerde Bakanlar Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen \u00fclkelerin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak edinebilirler.\u201d denilmek suretiyle m\u00fctekabiliyet ko\u015fulu kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlara uygunluk ilkesi ise, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmelerinde ancak s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkenin kanuni k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na uygun olarak gayrimenkul elde edebilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yabanc\u0131 Ger\u00e7ek Ki\u015filer Kimlerdir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi \u201chaklara ve bor\u00e7lara ehil olan insanlar\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken, Yabanc\u0131lar ve Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Kanunu (YUKK)\u2019nda \u201c T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti ile vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan ki\u015fi \u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Yap\u0131lan bu tan\u0131mlar do\u011frultusunda, yabanc\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cYabanc\u0131 bir veya birka\u00e7 devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olanlar yani bir ya da birden fazla devletebir uyrukluk ba\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ki\u015filer,\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBir tanesi TC vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00e7ok uyruklular yani d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki uyrukluklardan ka\u00e7 tanesine sahip olursa olsun, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli bir de TC vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan kimseler\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.
Uluslararas\u0131 Korumadan Yararlanan Yabanc\u0131lar
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.M\u00fclteciler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vatanda\u015f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu memlekette vuku bulan siyasi olaylar sebebiyle bu \u00fclkeyi iradesiyle veya zorla terk etmi\u015f ve yeni bir devletin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7memi\u015f ve herhangi bir devletin diplomatik korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunmayan kimsedir.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
YABANCILAR VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE<\/a>\u2019DEK\u0130 MALVARLIKLARI<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u015eartl\u0131 M\u00fclteciler
<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u015eartl\u0131 m\u00fclteci kavram\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar ve Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Kanunu\u2019nun 2. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Buna g\u00f6re; \u201cAvrupa \u00fclkeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda meydana gelen olaylar sebebiyle \u0131rk\u0131, dini, tabiiyeti, belli bir toplumsal mensubiyeti veya siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden dolay\u0131 zulme u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 sebeplerle korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan ve bu \u00fclkenin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunmayan, s\u00f6z konusu korku sebebiyle korumadan yararlanmak istemeyen yabanc\u0131 ki\u015fidir.\u201d \u015eartl\u0131 m\u00fclteci ile m\u00fclteci kavram\u0131n\u0131n birbirinden ay\u0131ran husus ki\u015finin Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin birinden gelip gelmedi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
  1. \u0130kincil Koruma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Sahipleri
    <\/li>
  2. M\u00fclteci veya \u015fartl\u0131 m\u00fclteci olarak nitelendirilmeyen ve men\u015fe veya ikamet \u00fclkesine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde, \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olacak veya \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 infaz edilecek veya i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza veya muameleye maruz kalacak olmas\u0131 nedeniyle men\u015fe veya ikamet \u00fclkesinin korunmas\u0131ndan yararlanamayanlard\u0131r.<\/li>
  3. Ge\u00e7ici Korumadan Yararlananlar
    \u00dclkesinden zorla ayr\u0131lan veya geri d\u00f6nemeyen, acil ve ge\u00e7ici koruma bulmak amac\u0131yla kitlesel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131za gelen veya bu kitlesel ak\u0131m d\u00f6neminde bireysel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ge\u00e7en yabanc\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/li>
  4. G\u00f6\u00e7menler (Muhacirler)
    Yerle\u015fme niyeti ile ve \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle (ekonomik, siyasi, dini vb.) ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkeyi terk ederek ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye giden ki\u015filerdir. G\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131labilmek i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk soyundan olmak, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak ve yerle\u015fme amac\u0131 ile gelmek gerekmektedir. G\u00f6\u00e7menler kendi i\u00e7lerinde serbest g\u00f6\u00e7men,
    \u0130sk\u00e2nl\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7men, M\u00fcnferit G\u00f6\u00e7men, Toplu G\u00f6\u00e7men olarak d\u00f6rt gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/li>
  5. Vatans\u0131zlar
    Hi\u00e7bir devletle vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan, herhangi bir devletin yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re vatanda\u015f say\u0131lmayan ki\u015filer vatans\u0131z olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>
  6. \u0130mtiyazl\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar
    Do\u011fumla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olup T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kanlar imtiyazl\u0131 yabanc\u0131lar stat\u00fcs\u00fcndelerdir.<\/li>
  7. Az\u0131nl\u0131klar
    Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 genel olarak, bir \u00fclkede o devletin uyru\u011fu olarak ya\u015fayan ancak \u0131rk, din, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ba\u011flar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funluk n\u00fcfusa oranla farkl\u0131 hisseden ki\u015filer olmak \u00fczere kategorilere ay\u0131rabiliriz.
    Yabanc\u0131 Ger\u00e7ek Ki\u015filerin Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Edinmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Yasal D\u00fczenlemeler \u015e\u00fcphesizdir ki yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015finin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmesine ili\u015fkin en \u00f6nemli madde 2892 say\u0131l\u0131 Tapu Kanunu\u2019nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun 35. maddesi;
    \u201cKanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyulmak kayd\u0131yla, uluslararas\u0131 ikili ili\u015fkiler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ve \u00fclke menfaatlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi hallerde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen \u00fclkelerin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak edinebilirler. Yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin edindikleri ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve s\u00fcrekli nitelikteki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni haklar\u0131n toplamalan\u0131, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete konu il\u00e7e y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde onunu ve ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fclke genelinde otuz hektar\u0131 ge\u00e7emez. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fclke genelinde edinilebilecek miktar\u0131 iki kat\u0131na kadar art\u0131rmaya yetkilidir\u201d
    An\u0131lan maddeye g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkemizde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz elde edebilmesinin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fclke genelinde en fazla Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131 ile 60 hektara \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli \u015fart ise askeri b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na getirilmi\u015ftir ki yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer askeri yasak b\u00f6lgeler ve asker g\u00fcvenlik b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 edinemez ve kiralayamazlar. \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik b\u00f6lgelerindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ise valilik izini ile edinebilir ve kiralayabilirler.
    \u0130mtiyazl\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130stisnai Durumu
    \u015e\u00fcphesizdir ki yabanc\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki bir ger\u00e7ek ki\u015finin T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz elde
    edebilmesi i\u00e7in aranan kurallar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck istisnas\u0131 T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nu 28. maddesidir;
    \u201cDo\u011fumla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olup da \u00e7\u0131kma izni almak suretiyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenler ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceye kadar olan altsoylar\u0131, bu maddede belirtilen istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na tan\u0131nan haklardan aynen yararlanmaya devam ederler. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fe ve kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d
    Bu stat\u00fcye sahip yabanc\u0131 ki\u015filer, \u00fclkemizde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal elde edinirken herhangi bir \u015fart aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 stat\u00fcde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kanuni bir k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya tabi tutulmam\u0131\u015flad\u0131r.
    Ayr\u0131ca belirtmek gerekir ki, an\u0131lan maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6rmesi halinde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden itibaren hangi dereceye kadar olan altsoylar\u0131n bu maddede tan\u0131nan haklardan faydalanabilece\u011fini belirleyebilir\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme ile imtiyazl\u0131 yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in istisna getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Edinimine Ba\u015fvuru ve
    Reddi Durumu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u00dclkemizde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz elde etmek isteyen yabanc\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131m\u0131zda belirtilen kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara girmemesi ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n belirledi\u011fi \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan birinin olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.
    Bunun tespitinde g\u00f6revli ise ilgili Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr. \u0130lgili tapu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerekli askeri makamlara yaz\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek iktisab\u0131 istenen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n yabanc\u0131lara sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n engel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunu tespitini istemektedir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz maliki veyahut yetkili temsilcisi Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne \u00f6n ba\u015fvuru yaparak i\u015flemleri ba\u015flat\u0131rlar. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinme ba\u015fvurusunun reddi halinde ise i\u015flem yapan Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu B\u00f6lge M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne itiraz edilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Av. Selin Kankaya<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Tarihin bir\u00e7ok d\u00f6neminde devletler s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erindeki yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkelerinde gayrimenkul edimini yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler getirmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcreselle\u015fen yap\u0131 ve serbest piyasa ekonomisi ile bu d\u00fczenlemeler asgari s\u0131n\u0131rlara indirgenmi\u015ftir. Zamanla modern hukukta kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi ve kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlara uygunluk ilkeleri esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. YABANCILAR VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DEK\u0130 MALVARLIKLARI Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi, en az iki devlet aras\u0131nda uygulanan ve akit devletlerin birbirinin vatanda\u015flar\u0131na ayn\u0131<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nYABANCILAR VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DEK\u0130 MALVARLIKLARI – K\u00fcresel Hukuk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hukuki Makale - YABANCILAR VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DEK\u0130 MALVARLIKLARI | Bu Makale K\u00fcresel Hukuk Dergisi\u00b4nde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olup sizlere sunulmaktad\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kureselhukuk.com\/en\/yabancilar-ve-turkiyedeki-malvarliklari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"YABANCILAR VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DEK\u0130 MALVARLIKLARI – K\u00fcresel Hukuk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hukuki Makale - 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